Definition and culture theory stated by experts.

There are definitions stated by experts in culture:

1. Edward B. Taylor

Culture is a complex whole, that it contains the knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, mores, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.

2. M. Jacobs and B.J. Stern

Culture covers all forms of technology including social, ideological, religious, and arts and objects, all of which are social heritage.

3. Koentjaraningrat

Culture is a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in order to become a society that human beings belong to learn.

4. Dr. K. Kupper

Culture is a system of ideas that guide and driver for the human in attitude and behavior, both individually and in groups.

5. William H. Haviland

Culture is a set of rules and norms that are shared by members of the public, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior deemed feasible and can be received by all communities.

6. Ki Hajar Dewantara

Culture means the fruit of the human mind is the result of the struggle of man against two strong influences, the nature of the times and is a testament to the triumph of human life to overcome the obstacles and hardships in life and livelihood in order to achieve salvation and happiness at the birth is orderly and peaceful.

7. Francis Merill

Behavioral patterns are generated by social interaction

All behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a community that is found through symbolic interaction.

8. Bounded et.al

Culture is something that is formed by the development and transmission of human beliefs through certain symbols, such as language symbols as a series of symbols that are used to divert the cultural beliefs among the members of a society. The messages about the culture, which is expected to be found in the media, government, religious institutions, educational systems and such.

9. Mitchell (Dictionary of Soriblogy)

Culture is the most overall looping action or human activity and human-generated products that have been popular in the community socially and not just in the genetikal switch.

10. Robert H. Lowie

Culture is everything in getting individuals from the community, including beliefs, customs, norms artistic, eating habits, skills obtained not from his own creativity but rather a legacy of the past which can be through formal or informal education.

11. Archaeologists R. Seokmono

Culture is all the result of human effort, either an object or just a piece of mind and the life.

Ø Form and Components

·         Form

According J.J. Hoenigman, the form is divided into three cultures: ideas, activities, and artifacts.

After talking about the meaning of culture, it is now time to discuss menengenai wujuda of culture that is the result of human. The realization of the culture itself can be divided into three kinds, there are ideas, activity, and artifacts.

1. Idea

The idea of ​​an ideal form of culture that could be a collection of ideas, ideas themselves, values, rules, norms, and others who still have an abstract nature. Abstract nature means that the form is still not able dindera with both senses touch and be touched

The realization of this culture is still in the head of someone who has tercurahkan in a form. Everything is still in the wishful thinking that is part of the nature of mind.

If the idea or identical or norms that are set forth in writing, then the place of the cultural ideal is in an essay or a book from the author's work

So the new idea will be realized when it is in writing in the form of a book or the book is the work of the author who is also a part of the culture that exists in the community

2. Activity

Is a form of cultural activity in the form of action. Activity is a manifestation of a culture that is patterned actions of humans that exist in a society. The realization of a form of cultural activity commonly known as social systems

In the social system contains a variety of human activities that interact with each other, make contact with each other, and the interaction between man and man the other based on certain patterns based on the customary code of conduct

The nature of the activity is occurring in the concrete daily life. Not only that, but also can be observed and documented a form of cultural

3. Artifacts

s or in the only form of culture that can be seen and be results are artifacts. Artifacts is a form of culture that can be sensed physically be a result of the activities, work, and perbuatn man in a society. Results of the artifacts can be seen and touched.

Usually in the form of objects that can be seen and documented

In reality within the communities that between one cultural form with a form other cultures are intertwined and inseparable. For example, is a form of culture that form the idea of ​​giving direction causing actions that will ultimately bring forth a work that is an artifact

·         Component

Berdasakan manifestation of the culture of the culture has several components. Bebrapa components are as follows

a. Material Culture

Material culture is the form of the results of creativity, taste, and intention that has real form. Some of the things that go into the material culture is such that have been found by archaeologists. Some of the findings are as tableware from clay, weapons, jewelry, etc.

Material culture is not only based on the findings of the archaeologists only. Yet now we use that stuff, too, including of material culture, such as television, wardrobe, washing machines, airplanes, cars, motorcycles, homes, etc.

b. Kebudayaa nonmaterial

opposite of that material culture has a form of the nonmaterial culture does not have a form that can be sensed. But the nonmaterial culture is still there and can feel its presence as are fairy tales, songs, dances, etc.

c. Social Institutions

Social institutions is also one of the components in the formation of culture. Social institutions also have an important role in the development of human civilization that covers the relationship between human interaction with each other

d. Sisitem Confidence

Belief systems that exist in a society will affect how manusiaitu act. The system will also affect the valuation of trust that exist within a society

Belief system that was established by the existing society also affect habits in the community. Not only that, the belief system also have an influence in the way of life, communication, and what foods are consumed by them

An example is the belief held by a society that is in Lamongan. In the area believed that the native people or citizens lamongan not allowed to consume catfish. It is based on the legends and beliefs that exist in the society.

e. Aesthetics

Aesthetics is a reflection of a culture that promotes the values ​​of beauty. Aesthetic value is often associated with works of art like dance, painting, music, Dongen, and others. Aesthetic value of an area is also berbedaa other regions.

f. Language

Language is a tool used by humans to convey information from the speaker to the listener. With the language of the communication and relationships among humans can be well maintained and beautifully.

Conclusion

From the definitions above, it can be concluded that the culture system of knowledge covering system of ideas contained in the idea of ​​the human mind, so in everyday life culture is abstract. While the embodiment of culture are objects created by human beings as a cultured form and behavior of objects that are real, for example, patterns of behavior, language, equipment life, social organization, religious and other arts, all of which are addressed to help sustain the lives of people in society.

Cultural theory

Cultural theory is an attempt to conceptualize the significance of it, to understand the relationship between human data and human groups manifest data. Cultural Theory is a conceptual effort to understand how people use culture to perpetuate life in groups, to sustain life through the cultivation of the natural environment and maintain balance with the supernatural world.

The diversity of cultural theory can be viewed from two perspectives, namely, (a) the historical development perspective to see that diversity arises because certain aspects of the culture is considered not enough gained elaboration. And (b) the conceptual perspective the view that diversity arises because solving conceptual problems occur in different views. In our culture can not be understood apart from its basic principles. de Saussure formulate at least three important principles in understanding the culture, there are:

Signs (in English) consists of a mark (signifiant, signifier, markers) and marked (signifie, signified, sign). Bookmarks is a sound image while the marker is the idea or concept. This suggests that at least the concept of the sound consists of three components (1) the articulation of the lips, (2) release of air that comes out of a sudden, and (3) the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Important ideas related to the mark according to Saussure is no reference to objective reality. Signs have no nomenclature. To understand the meaning of it, there are two ways, namely, first, the meaning of signs is determined by the relationship between a sign with all the other marks that are used and the way both as an element of the human mind, or recorded as a code in the memory of man, determines how the elements of reality objectively given significance ataukebermaknaan recorded in accordance with the concept.

The problems always come back to the study of society and culture is the relationship between the individual and society. For the language, according to Saussure's langue and parole there (language and speech). Langue is the knowledge and language skills that are collective, lived shared by all members of the community; parole langue is the embodiment of the individual. Through individual utterances realized that follow the rules that apply collectively, because if not, the communication will not take place smoothly.

The idea of ​​culture, both as cognitive systems as well as the structural system, starting from the assumption that culture is a mental system that contains all the things that people should know in order to behave and act in such a way that it can be accepted and considered normal by society fellow.

PARIWISATA 2

(TUGAS SOFTSKILL)

Tolerance and Unity Potrayed in the Sundanese Literature and Art

Nama                   : Auliani

NPM                : 11609650

Kelas                   : 3SA02

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays tolerance, coalescence and unity in our beloved country is pretty sad. Can we see the gap between the rich and the poor are very clear. People are reluctant toassociate with the poor, did the opposite. Poor people feel shy and ashamed toassociate with the middle class and above. Another concrete example of what we can see is the lack of harmony in the community life. In this day and age, often people arenot very close or even not at all who know her neighbors. They do not care who theirneighbors, who were the people who live around them.

In fact, our country was awarded with various tribes. At the time our country was proclaimed on August 17 in 1945, composed of different races, different ethnicities,different religions and beliefs, different cultures, including languages, different philosophies, ranging from Sabang to Merauke. All of that is an invaluable asset that we must maintain, in addition to the beauty and abundant natural resources as a gift from Gusti Nu Maha Suci.

One of the approximately 400 tribes that exist in our country is a Sundanese ethnic groups. The quantity is a Sundanese ethnic group after the second largest ethnic Javanese. With so many tribes could Sunda helped contribute to the color hue of Indonesia which up holds diversity. In the literature and the arts and arts Sunda, there are many aspects to uphold national unity.

  

DISCUSSION

Value Tolerance, Unity and Integrity of Contained in the literature and the arts of Sunda

Indonesia is facing various problems in terms of the difference. Tolerance amongcitizens has been minimal and difficult to be realized. It is as if the influence of culturalheritage of tolerance and that upholds the unity and integrity has faded.

According to understanding, "Tolerance is a term in the context of social, cultural and religious attitudes and actions mean that prohibits discrimination against differentgroups or can not be accepted by the majority in a society." (Http://id.wikipedia.org / wiki/ Tolerance)

Tolerance in the life of the nation is a very important tool in creating unity in a nation.Tolerance in the absence of national life, the unity is a dream to be achieved. Tolerancein our country today is also quite alarming. Just because a slight difference, civil warbroke out, and worse today more and more separatist movements that have sprung up.

As the unity of the nation, means that tribes already united. In this case, each ethnic group is a group of people who have certain characteristics that unite. The incorporation of the unity of the nation, each nation still has the characteristics and customs of the original. While the notion of national unity itself by WJS.Poerwadarminta (1987) is

"Unity is a joint (bond, collection, etc.) from some parts have been united, while unity is the Oneness, single or whole nature."

To maintain this unity, each ethnic group must be willing and able to preserve theirculture - each. In addition to preserving the culture, respectively, also connotes unity,tolerance and mutual respect. 

There's a saying in Sundanese 'basa teh ciciren bangsa "(language that is characteristic of a nation). In my opinion, the local language, including the Sundanese language can be functioned as a fertilizer for the national language. This is possible because theIndonesian language is new language as a continuation of the Malay language, that is very open. It means very easy to accept the word - words from various languages,including languages. Thus, the Sundanese language can enrich the vocabulary of the Indonesian language. Preserve Sundanese helped give meaning to oversee growth ofNational Language. Preserve Sundanese Sundanese culture also means preserving.Preserving Cultural Sunda means maintaining, fostering, nurture, develop, may alsomodify, for subsequent transfer to future generations. Thus the necessary process ofawareness in between each - each ethnic group for the mutual recognition and respect the diversity of cultural identity is wrapped with the spirit of harmony and peace.

Sundanese culture as principle an adheres egaliteraniasme, pluralism and the spirit ofbeing together is high. It is least evident in the historical footsteps, why in this area, many relics of the past are not mystical, not feudal, not full of luxury, and full of nuancesape-Gaman. For the Sundanese culture system, which was built adalam principle of unity, unity and acknowledgment.

Coalescence and unity in Sundanese culture system which I understand is not a model of uniformity in many ways including: living systems, social systems, systems berekonomiand so on. For example, a light image of Sundanese culture is the absence ofpregnancy-rusan to change the name, into Indonesia for example, for the immigrantswho settled in this region. In the area of Garut example, many ethnic Chinese, Indian,Arab, and Iain tried in this area without the worry using the language and culturalempowerment ¬ their daily lives. In fact, many of these groups get recognition from theSunda. In Garut, until there are special schools for the Chinese! That is, the Sundaneseculture system, it does not matter a person's ethnic origin background-what, what matters is the extent to which their self's contribution to the development of local culture,without having to abandon their own culture.

While the concept of recognition refers to the path of one of the scientists whodescribed the concept of mandala Sunda in the leadership system of Sunda.According to him, the Sunda leaders become leaders because of the results of the recognition of citizens who want to pick up and follow him. In this context, the socialcontract between the leader and the led. So ¬ leader pin in Sundanese culture systemsbecome more meaningful because he was not a ruler, but as a representative andmediator for the existing problems on his followers.

Sundanese community should be proud, because their ancestors had always instill the philosophy of peace: " Someah Hade Ka Semah ". Philosophy of " Hade Ka Semah " is the local wisdom of tatar Sunda. This means that the Sundanese people should be friendly to his guests. Friendly in the sense of entertaining, keep, maintain, and seektheir guests happy. Someah in different bases darehdeh Sunda. Darehdeh means a lot of smile and bow. However someah has a wider meaning as mentioned above.

Lots of cultural expression in Sunda Sunda reflecting the tremendous respect that the community values of tolerance and harmony among fellow citizens. As expressions ofthe following expression:

- "Kaciwit kulit kabawa daging", meaning literally the Indonesian language was carried by the skin Tercubit meat. That is, the Sunda apply tolerance, sympathy, and empathy for people affected by disasters and do not live on their own.

-  “Lain palid ku cikiih lain datang ku cileuncang ", (not washed away by the urine,rather than come up with rainwater). The purpose of this expression is not a foreignfeeling in the place itself, but Mingle, united and proud of the diversity among dirirnation's own identity.

- "Ciri sabumi, cara sadesa" ,(sebumi, the rules from the same village).The point is, custom or practice in each country or region is different, so respect thecustoms and habits of a region.

- " Kudu rubuh-rubuh gedang" ,(papaya should be collapsed), it means wehave always worked together in family life.

 Living in harmony and peace in unity and unity will be achieved when in the life of ourmutual affection, love, mutual respect, honor, and not to provoke unrest and anger of others, it is very important in realizing national unity. Value of the unity and integrity are also many reflected as shown in the following expression:

- "Paheuyeuk-heuyeuk leungeun " , (holding hands). Holding hands here has a meaningthat we should help each other in the face of problems.

- " Ulah ngukur baju saseregna awak " , (Do not consider anything just for personal gain), which means that no priority to private interests, but more priority tomutual interests, the interests of the nation, state interests and the interests of religion.

- " Ulah nyieun pucuk ti girang " , (Do not make the top of the upstream), that is, live in peace and tranquility do not look for trouble, create enmity with anyone seed

- " Ngeduk cikur kudu mihatur, nyokel jahe kudu micarek, ngagedag kudu be wara " , (extract kencur have to ask permission to ask for permission prying ginger, shake to ask permission). This expression has a meaning not too concerned with their own interests, but that in doing any good based on mutual consent, and always give priority to kinship and unity.

- " Tiis ceuli herang mata" , (Cold ears clear eyes), means it is Always to live in tranquility,peace and no enemies.

- " Ulah kawas seuneu jeung injuk " ,  (Do not like the fire with the fibers). This shortphrase has an adequate sense of depth. This means we have to control the Smartnegative passions that destroy relationships with others. Create an atmosphere ofintimacy, both within the family and in society.

Symbol of harmony, keharmohonisan, unity and integrity can also be found in the Sundanese arts. For instance in Sundanese song cianjuran in West Java. If we look waditra devices (instruments) are used (Kacapi ovary, Kacapi rincik, flute or fiddle), the device according to the characteristics of the Sundanese people.

If viewed from the contents rumpaka (lyrics) he uses, among them cianjuran talks about life in the heyday of the Kingdom of Padjajaran. Therefore, the content of song lyrics cianjuran a symbol of the life of ancient Sundanese (Kartawinata, 2007: 11).

Symbolization can be interpreted as one way by its creators to tell all the events that happened in the past into the art form. In order to later be dikuak and known by the heirs or their offspring. Made in the form of art is intended that the story will continue to be timeless and easy to understand its contents.

The existence of symbolism in the lyrics of songs cianjuran a small fraction of symbols that can be found. Another symbol that can be expressed is, first, that we saw in the presentation, all the instruments and the singer to play their respective roles without having to scramble play area. That is, each musician has to understand where to play its role. If there are players who are not carrying out its role properly, that there is disharmony.

With knowing and execute their respective roles, meaning players have to understand and practice the rules of mutual respect among fellow. If the attitude is not done, the harmony will be disturbed. in carrying out its role, the players must play in accordance with their respective duties. From here reflects that the Sundanese culture, there is a rule that requires us to be good at putting themselves, and maintain the rights and obligations. Because, in the presence of errors in the placement of self, will expire at the onset of the problem so as not to create harmony in life.

Second, in a clear presentation of the required integrity cianjuran song player. That is,players must complete. If only one player less there will be a lameness that eventuallywill make the presentation is not perfect. . This reflects that the Sundanese culture is aculture that pays close attention to the unity and integrity. That is, we as a society is aSundanese community living in a civilized and culture. Therefore, it should if we retainthe manners and culture in order to create unity and integrity, so that the Sundaneseculture still alive in Sundanese society. That way, the harmony among the Sundanese people will remain well preserved.

Third, the presentation of the song cianjuran found mutual respect. In this case, as a reflection of that society is a society known Sunda ramah, someah, hade tata jeung basa, hade kadulur jeung kabatur. Where if all was done, it will create mutual respectin which this attitude is the attitude of the Sundanese people who know willkesundaannya. However, the atmosphere today as the Sundanese people who forgetthe bean skin, and long may become jati kasilih ku junti. That is, many peopletoday who do not heed the Sunda again kesundaannya culture, such as hare-hare hirup and forget themselves.

CONCLUSION

             Expression data have been presented, which is a reflection of the relationshipbetween man and fellow human beings in a society living in accordance with the views of the Sundanese, also with folkwas, social solidarity, is also about family functioningand tatasosial in Sundanese society.

            Kesusastran sunda above it is clear that there is an expectation that melambanganSunda into human society, both individually and in groups, as well as in building asocial life, but the problem now is whether it is already implemented by the Sundanese people?

One of the pillars to support the existence of our country is a principle of unity of the nation. Unity, can be distinguished, but can not be separated. Unity implies common - the same but not necessarily the same, while unity implies a very different, that it should be the same. Speaking of unity, all citizens, no bargaining, no compromise in thenational and state 5, there should only be one option. The explanation is:

While there are hundreds of local philosophy, philosophy can only have one country, namely: PANCASILA.

While there are hundreds of banner area, there should only be one state flag is: REDWHITE.

While there are hundreds of local languages, there should only be one language thatstates: INDONESIAN.

Although there are hundreds if not thousands of folk songs, there should only be onenational anthem is: INDONESIA RAYA.

While there are hundreds of tribes, there should only be one nation, namely:INDONESIA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Djajasudarma, T. Fatimah. 1997. Nilai budaya dalam ungkapan dan peribahasa Sunda.  Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta 

Goes, Adriana. 2008. (online). Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2011. Relevansi filosofi someah hade ka semah (http://loveday-company.blog.friendster.com/2008/02/relevansi-filosofi-someah-hade-ka-semah-terhadap-kemajuan-pariwisata-priangan/  )

Hermansah, Tantan. 2006. Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2011. (online). Islam Sunda: gambaran awal. (http://sindang-asih.blogspot.com/2006/11/islam-sunda-gambaran-awal.html)

Kartawinata, Julia. 21 April 2007. Simbol di Balik Tembang Cianjuran. Harian Pikiran Rakyat, kolom Khazanah. Jakarta

OtjeDjundjunan, Popong. 2011. (online). Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2011. Melestarikan Budaya Sunda Sebagai Upaya Memperkokoh Persatuan (http://berita.upi.edu/2011/03/17/melestarikan-budaya-sunda-sebagai-upaya-memperkokoh-persatuan/ )

Paembonan, Jayadi. 2010. Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2011. (online). Sunda (http://pasundanvictoria.blogspot.com/)

Aksi bohong sapi gelonggong

Aksi Bohong Sapi Gelonggong.

Ternyata penjualan hewan pun banyak kecurangan, sudah sering kita saksikan Sapi Gelonggong adalah sapi yang tidak berkualitas.  Karena sapi gelonggong merupakan sapi yang dimasukan air secara paksa ke dalam mulut sapi yang hendak di sembelih dengan menggunakan selang air. Jumlah air yang dimasukan ke dalam mulut sapi itu bisa mencapai 100 liter. Proses ini bisa berlangsung sampai 6 jam dan dilakukan hingga sapi tidak berdaya, bahkan sampai mati, setelah itu sapi di potong dan dagingnya pun beredar di pasar tradisional maupun pasar swalayan. Sapi di gelonggong bertujuan agar berat badan sapi tersebut bertambah dan menjadi lebih berat. Dengan itu sapi pun jika di jual harganya akan lebih mahal dan penjual memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih besar.

   Dengan itu sapi gelonggong itupun merupakan sapi berkualitas bangkai yang tidak layak di konsumsi oleh masyarakat dan sudah di pastikan bahwa sapi gelonggongan pun sangat mengganggu kesehatan karena banyak sekali bakteri yang sudah busuk di dalam daging tersebut yang menghasilkan berbagai macam penyakit.

Dan untuk beberapa kalangan harga sapi gelonggongan pun dijual murah dan solusi untuk menanggulangi harga daging yang melonjak naik. Sapi gelonggong pun sudah di haramkan untuk di konsumsi oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI).

Konsumen juga harus berhati-hati dalam memilih daging sapi yang baik untuk di konsumsi. Karena tidak semua konsumen dapat memilih daging sapi yang baik untuk di konsumsi dan memiliki kualitas syarat kesehatan. 

Seharusnya pemerinta harus sering sering mengadakan pengawasan langsung terhadap penjual-penjual daging di pasar tradisional maupun pasar swalayan agar para konsumen tidak cemas dan ragu untuk membeli daging sa[i yang berkualitas. Dan konsumen pun jangan mudah tertipu dengan harga yang di tawarkan dan teliti dalam memilih daging yang baik karena daging sapi gelonggong biasanya sangat lembek dan pedagang pun tidak berani menggantung daging tersebut.

Oleh karena itu jadilah konsumen yang lebih selektif dalam memilih produk atau jenis makanan bahkan jenis sapi yang baik untuk di konsumsi. 

Kandungan makanan ASPAL

Jenis dan Kandungan Makanan ASPAL (Asli tapi Palsu)

Biasanya makanan ASPAL yang sering kita jumpai umumnya mengandung borax. Tidak hanya kandungan borax yang terdapat di dalamnya, tapi banyak sekali kandungan zat berbahaya di dalamnya. Jika kita tidak teliti mengkonsumsi makanan tersebut maka kita akan terkena penyakit berbahaya.

Jenis makanan ASPAL pun bermacam-macam. Ada yang menggunakan bahan pengawet, hewan yang sudah busuk atau menjadi bangkai, bahan kimia berbahaya, dan masih banyak lagi. Dan berikut adalah uraian jenis makanan ASPAL tersebut :

1. Bakso, biasanya makanan ini agar awet dan tahan lama juga kenyal dimakan pedagang nakal pun menambahkan borax sebagai bahan pembuat bakso tersebut.

2. Mie Ayam, makanan yang selalu mengundang selera ini jika kita melihatnya mengandung mie kadaluarsa yang dan ayam tiren.

3. Roti, makanan ini sangat cepat sekali kadaluarsa. Oleh karena itu pedagangpun menyulap makanan ini dengan mengeringkannya ke dalam oven dan dijual kepada konsumen.

4.Gorengan, tidak disangka pedagang nakalpun mencampurkan pelastik ke dalam minyak goreng agar penggunaan minyak goreng pun sangat irit.

5. Somay, biasanya pedagang nakal menggunakan tepung yang sudah tidak layak pakai dan ikan sapu-sapu yang mengandung zat merkuri berbahaya bagi tubuh.

Dengan demikian dapat di simpulkan bahwa makanan palsu tidak hanya membahayakan bagi tubuh kita akan tetapi sangat tidak mengandung kadar halal dalam penyajiannya. Untuk itu, jangan tertipu oleh harga yang murah dan beresiko terkena serangan penyakit karena mengkonsumsi makanan yang tidak layak untuk kita konsumsi.

Makanan ASPAL

Makanan ASPAL (Asli tapi Palsu)

Tidak hanya produk palsu yang kini sedang beredar di masyarakat, kini beredar pula makanan palsu yang di jual oleh para pedagang nakal di Indonesia.

  Sejatinya, manusia selalu merasakan lapar setiap harinya. Tidak ada yang menyangka jika makanan yang sering di konsumsi kita ada yang mengandung bahaya. Biasanya jenis makanan berupa Bakso, Gorengan, Mie Ayam, Nasi Goreng dan sebagainya sering kita jumpai di sekeliling kita. Lalu bagaimana jika makanan yang kita konsumsi itu merupakan makanan ASPAL (Asli tapi Palsu) mengandung borax dan bahan kimia lainnya?

Dengan begitu, banyak orang yang was-was dan takut jika membeli makanan tersebut. Oleh karena itu kita sebagai konsumen makanan tersebut harus teliti setiap kita membeli makanan.

Karena makanan yang mengandung borax dan bahan berbahaya itu biasanya harganya lebih murah dari yang kita jumpai di restoran atau di kafe-kafe dan pedagang nakal yang menjajakan dagangannya di pinggir jalan itulah yang sering menggunakan bahan-bahan berbahaya.

Pedagang nakal seperti itu biasanya tidak mementingkan kesehatan yang terkandung dalam makanan yang dijualnya tapi mereka hanya ingin memperoleh untung yang besar agaar mereka tidak rugi. Akan tetapi, sebenarnya mereka sudah meracuni konsumennya dengan menjual makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kata halal.

Konsumen yang mengkonsumsi makanan ASPAL tersebut biasanya mengalami sakit perut, diare, bahkan bisa keracunan makanan hingga di rawat di rumah sakit. Efek panjang dari mengkonsumsi makanan palsu adalah kanker, jantung, ginjal dan penyakit berbahay lainnya.

Sudah banyak di telusuri bahwa pedagang nakal pun tidak peduli akan bahaya yang di derita konsumen, dia akan terus menjajakan dagangannya. Lalu kita sebagai konsumen sebenarnya harus cerdas dan teliti untuk membeli makanan yang akan kita konsumsi. Dengan begitu kita tidak akan terkena penyakit berbahaya dan terhindar dari pedagang nakal yang menjual makanan ASPAL. 

 

Faktor penyebab adanya produk palsu.

Faktor penyebab adanya produk palsu.

Alasan mengapa produk palsu  saat ini beredar di masyarakat yaitu karena produk asli sangat mahal dan sulit di dapatkan.

Masyarakat Indonesia biasanya cenderung lebih melihat harga di banding kualitasnya. Banyak sebagian orang membeli suatu barang karena harganya murah dan mudah didapatkan. Karena produk asli itu biasanya harganya mahal dan sangat sulit kita dapatkan. Sebagian orang tidak mampu untuk membeli barang yang berkualitas dengan harga yang mahal, dari situlah ide pembuatan produk  palsu muncul. Diamping harga yang terjangkau dan masyarakat pun tidak mengetahui pembuatan produk palsu tersebut.

Bahaya akan produk palsu tersebut akan menimbulkan dampak yang sangat buruk bagi para konsumen, mereka membuat barang palsu tanpa melihat kandungan yang terdapat pada produk itu. Alhasil banyak sekali konsumen yang terjebak dengan harga produk yg murah tapi kualitas sangat rendah.

Faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan adanya produk palsu di masyarakat, berikut adalah faktor yang terjadi:

1. Faktor sosial, merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan adanya peredaran produk palsu. Di Indonesia, lebih dominan golongan rendah dari pada golongan menengah ke atas maka dari itu tidak banyak kalangan orang yang mampu untuk membeli sebuah produk mahal.  Karena minimnya konsumen maka dari itu produk palsu pun bermunculan, disamping karena harga yang ekonomis dan sangat terjangkau, masyarakat pun sulit membedakan antara produk palsu dan yang asli.
2. Faktor kepribadian, pribadi sesorang yang mengkonsumsi produk palsu biasanya dia tidak mengetahui bahaya akan produk yang di gunakan. Dia hanya mengetahui produk tersebut murah, aman, dan terjangkau.

Berdasarkan faktor di atas, sudah kita ketahui bahwa beredarnya produk palsu di masyarakat karena ada faktor yang mendukung guna meningkatkan daya beli produk palsu itu sendiri. Dengan itu, pembuat produk palsu pun lebih meningkatkan produksinya karena permintaan dari konsumen pun meningkat akan  harga yang murah. Mereka tidak mementingkan kualitas produk tersebut tapi lebih melihat harga yang murah. Padahal produk palsu yang mereka konsumsi mengandung bahan-bahan berbahaya dan menggunakan bahan yang tidak kita ketahui dari mana mereka membuatnya.

Waspada dengan produk palsu

Waspada dengan produk palsu. 

          Saat ini sudah banyak kita dengar bahkan kita saksikan sendiri bagaimana produk palsu sangat marak beredar di pasaran. Tak jarang kita temukan di pasar tradisional bahkan pasar swalayan pun turut andil dalam penjualan produk palsu yang membahayakan bagi para konsumen. 

       Di jaman era globalisasi ini, harga-harga kebutuhan pokok melambung naik dengan kenaikan harga tersebut banyak sekali oknum nakal yang membuat produk-produk palsu dengan harga murah/terjangkau agar para konsumen lebih tertarik. Kita sebagai konsumen harus cerdas dan teliti untuk membeli produk yang berkualitas, jangan mudah tertipu oleh harga yang di pasarkan karena harga murah belum tentu kualitas terjangkau.

       Tak di pungkiri, Indonesia memang salah satu negara pemasok produk palsu dan pembuat produk palsu itu sendiri. Bila yang melakukan pembajakan memiliki motif ekonomi dibaliknya, tidak lagi karena motif kesadaran, melainkan keserakahan. Dan akhirnya jauh juga dari konteks perjuangan, lebih dekat dengan keuntungan pribadi. Saya pun sangat kecewa dengan tingkah polah para pembajak ini yang adalah para produsen dan pengedar barang-barang palsu di pasaran. 

        Kita tidak pernah tahu ada berapa trilyun Rupiah, pemerintah dan perusahaan yang bersangkutan di rugikan, akibat ulah para pembajak-pembajak tersebut. Dampak dari peredaran produk palsu yang saat ini beredar adalah para konsumen, perusahaan, dan pemerintah. Dengan adanya kasus pembajakan/pemalsuan konsumen jadi merasa was-was akan beredarnya produk palsu, mereka pun sulit bagaimana membedakan produk yg asli dan yang palsu. Dengan ketidak nyamanan konsumen produk yang dipasarkan pun akhirnya tidak laku untuk di konsumsi oleh masyarakat. 

          Berikut adalah cara bagaimana membedakan produk palsu dan produk asli: 

• Produk palsu sudah bisa dipastikan harganya 2x lipat lebih murah dari harga aslinya. 

• Produk palsu tidak ada label ijin dari lembaga-lembaga khusus. • Produk asli akan mencantumkan tanggal kadaluarsa (bagi produk jenis makanan).

• Produk asli jauh lebih terlihat berkualitas dibandingkan dengan produk palsu. 

• Produk asli tidak di perjual belikan di sembarang tempat. Para pengedar/pembuat produk-produk palsu tersebut biasanya mempunyai koneksi langsung dengan para distributor. 

        Oleh karena itu kita sebagai konsumen harus teliti apakah penjual tersebut menjual barang-barang yang langsung turun dari produsen secara resmi. Saya cukup prihatin dengan dampak negatif dari peredaran produk palsu di Indonesia. Apalagi secara nilai kerugian jumlahnya meningkat tiap tahun. Untuk itu, sebaiknya pemerintah lebih memperketat penjaringan produk palsu bagi masyarakat.

the effects of social network

Name : Auliani
Class : 3sa02

Based on http://www.sciencecodex.com/

Social media present risks and benefits to children but parents who try to secretly monitor their kids' activities online are wasting their time, according to a presentation at the 119th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association.
"While nobody can deny that Facebook has altered the landscape of social interaction, particularly among young people, we are just now starting to see solid psychological research demonstrating both the positives and the negatives," said Larry D. Rosen, PhD, professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills.
In a plenary talk entitled, "Poke Me: How Social Networks Can Both Help and Harm Our Kids," Rosen discussed potential adverse effects, including:

•Teens who use Facebook more often show more narcissistic tendencies while young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more signs of other psychological disorders, including antisocial behaviors, mania and aggressive tendencies.
•Daily overuse of media and technology has a negative effect on the health of all children, preteens and teenagers by making them more prone to anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders, as well as by making them more susceptible to future health problems.
•Facebook can be distracting and can negatively impact learning. Studies found that middle school, high school and college students who checked Facebook at least once during a 15-minute study period achieved lower grades.

Rosen said new research has also found positive influences linked to social networking, including:

•Young adults who spend more time on Facebook are better at showing "virtual empathy" to their online friends.
•Online social networking can help introverted adolescents learn how to socialize behind the safety of various screens, ranging from a two-inch smartphone to a 17-inch laptop.
•Social networking can provide tools for teaching in compelling ways that engage young students.

For parents, Rosen offered guidance. "If you feel that you have to use some sort of computer program to surreptitiously monitor your child's social networking, you are wasting your time. Your child will find a workaround in a matter of minutes," he said. "You have to start talking about appropriate technology use early and often and build trust, so that when there is a problem, whether it is being bullied or seeing a disturbing image, your child will talk to you about it."



From the explanation above is the effect of social network very influential for the people who to use it. Because in the age of globalization, social media is very interest to use every people and very important to get it. With social media, we can knowing about everything in the hard situation. When we use social media, we also to how to control it. If we using social network anytime, we can't focus in the daily life.

The way to avoid bad effect to use social network is we can control how to manage the time and when we can to use the social media don't to focus and control your self. Make the good effect when you using the social network is.

Wisata Kota Batu Malang- Jawa Timur

Pesona Wisata Kota Batu




Keindahan panorama Kota Wisata Batu dengan kesejukan udara yang senantiasa terjaga serta hamparan hijau sayur mayur dan perkebunan apel yang membentang luas di kaki pegunungan Panderman, Arjuno & gunung Banyak menjadikan surga yang tak ternilai bagi bagi buminya. Sehingga Kota Batu dikenal sebagai pemasok sayur mayur & buah apel berkualitas di Jawa Timur & propinsi lainnya di Indonesia. Kekayaan hasil bumi ini masih dilengkapi pula dengan keindahan bunga anggrek & flora asli Kota Batu yang banyak diminati para wisatawan Nusantara maupun Mancanegara.
Kota Batu memiliki panorama yang indah & sejuk dengan suhu udara minimal 15 derajat C dan maksimal 24 derajat C serta mempunyai spesifikasi khusus yaitu dikelilingi Gunung Panderman, Gunung Banyak, Gunung Welirang, Gunung Bokong dengan potensi daya tarik wisata yang beraneka ragam.

BNS - BATU NIGHT SPECTACULAR

Batu Night Spectacular - BNS adalah sebuah tempat rekreasi baru di Kota Batu, tepatnya berada di Desa Oro-Oro Ombo. Perjalanan menuhu BNS menggunakan kendaraan pribadi memerlukan waktu tidak lebih dari 15 menit dari pusat kota., jika kondisi lalu lintas sedang lancar. Sesuai namanya, Batu Night Spectacular merupakan sebuah tempat wisata keluarga yang hanya dapat dinikmati malam hari, buka mulai pukul 15:00 sampai dengan 24:00. Dengan memiliki waktu operasional dimalam hari, Batu Night Spectacular merupakan sebuah alternatif tujuan untuk melepaskan penat dari beban rutinitas kerja atau kegiatan lain yang telah dilakukan pada siang hari. Rasanya sangat tidak berlebihan jika saya menyebut BNS sebagai satu-satunya tempat rekreasi keluarga yang dapat dinikmati pada malam hari untuk seputaran kota Batu, karena disini tersedia banyak permainan yang bisa dinikmati oleh pengunjung dari segala umur dengan tiket masuk yang sangat murah, yaitu sebesar 10 ribu rupiah untuk tiap orang. Mungkin inilah disneyland-nya kota Batu.

BNS sendiri menyajikan aneka wahana permainan yang bisa di nikmati untuk seluruh anggota keluarga Anda. Ada puluhan wahana yang tidak akan bisa Anda lupakan setelah menikmatinya seperti gallery hantu, slalom test, sepeda udara tertinggi, lampion garden dan trampoline. Di obyek wisataBNS ini Anda juga bisa menguji adrenalin dengan mencoba beberapa wahana menarik, seperti drag race, mouse coaster, dan beberapa permainan lain. Banyak juga wahana yang khusus disediakan untuk anak-anak seperti kids zone yang terdiri dari 25 macam.

Usai menikmati beragam wahana yang tersedia di areal seluas 3 ribu meter persegi ini, anda bisa mengisi perut sekaligus beristirahat di sebuah food center yang dinamakan Food Court. Ada banyak pilihan menu minuman maupaun makanan di area ini. Tinggal pilih minuman dingin atau panas. Begitu halnya makanan. Banyak menu yang bisa dipilih sesuia selera. Kenikmatan di food court bukan hanya pada menu makanan atau minumanya. Tapi, juga sajian yang dibeerikan saat pengunjung menikmati makanan maupun minuman. Ditengah-tengah menikmati hidangan, manajemen BNS Batu akan menyajikan show time. Ada panggung musik yang menghadirkan musik-musik ataupun kesenian tradisional. dan pada puncak show time, anda akan melihat satu satunya pertunjukkan yang ada di ndonesia, yaitu Air Mancur Menari. Tarian air mancur diiringi permainan lampu warna-warni itu mampu memaksa mata pengunjung tertuju ke liukan air. Air mancur itu terlihat cukup lihai menari mengikuti lantunan lagu. Dari lagu instrumental, pop rock, hingga dangdut koplo. Puas menyaksikan tarian air mancur, pengujung masih disuguhi dengan pertunjukkan yang menggunakan layar lebar terpanjang di Indonesia. Pertunjukkan ini memberi sensasi tersendiri bagi pengunjung. Dengan layar 50 meter di atas kita.



JATIM PARK 2 KOTA BATU

Jatim Park 2 adalah sebuah wahana wisata baru di kota Batu. Kebanyakan orang mengira Jatim Park 2 berada di kota Lamongan. Di kota Lamongan bukanlah jatim park 2, melainkan WBL (Wisata Bahari Lamongan). Jatim Park 2 sendiri berada di kta Batu, berdiri di atas lahan seluas lebih kurang 14 Hektar. Untuk pemesanan tiket jatim Park 2 anda pun dapat menghubungi hotline: 085646764111.
Jawa Timur Park 2 sendiri meliputi:

1. Museum Satwa
2. Secret Zoo (kebun Binatang)
3. Tree Inn (Hotel Pohon)

Museum satwa yang berada di lokasi Jatim Park 2 kota Batu, lebih tepatnya berada di Desa Oro-oro Ombo Kecamatan Batu. Museum satwa ini merupakan wahana edukasi, dimana pengunjung dapat melihat diorama-diprama hewan dari berbagai belahan dunia. Dengan harga tiket Rp. 50.000 (untuk weekend).
The Virgin, salah satu band bentukan Ahmad Dhani juga pernah bikin video klipnya di sini. Video klip tersebut berjudul Belahan Jiwa. Anda bisa menyaksikan video klip belahan jiwa untuk dapat sekilas melihat mengenai isi dari museum satwa.

Tempat wisata di korea selatan part II

Lotte World

Lotte World
adalah seperti sebuah kota kecil dengan sebuah taman hiburan, folk museum, pusat olahraga (termasuk arena skating dan kolam renang / taman air slide), pusat perbelanjaan, dan hotel. Kebanyakan fasilitas berada di dalam ruangan, sehingga mereka dapat dinikmati sepanjang tahun. Daerah pusat terbuka, sehingga beberapa tingkatan orang dapat menonton orang lain es skating, menikmati perjalanan, makan, dan berbelanja.



Amusement park

Lotte World Adventure tagihan nya sebagai taman hiburan terbesar di dunia taman indoor.Dibuka pada tahun 1989, dirancang oleh beberapa dunia yang paling bergengsi desainer taman hiburan. Taman telah rides untuk semua orang dalam keluarga, mulai dari naik trem tenang untuk menggairahkan roller coaster. Selain naik, taman memiliki beberapa menunjukkan setiap hari dan berkostum karakter yang berkeliaran di sekitar. Operating hours: 9: 30 a.m. untuk 11:00 (Buka 365 hari setahun, juga di malam hari.)

Folk Museum

The Lotte World Folk Museum memberikan pengalaman yang sangat baik Korea sejarah dan budaya melalui miniatur dan kehidupan sehari-hari ukuran representasi dan acara khusus.Museum menyediakan beragam program budaya untuk anak-anak dan remaja, kinerja kegiatan bersama dengan pameran khusus dan terus-menerus menambah fitur baru dan menunjukkan khusus untuk menghindari stagnasi. Museum ini memiliki beberapa daerah melihat (Historical Exhibition Hall, Miniatur Desa) dan partisipasi pemirsa daerah (Performance Hall, Pasar tradisional Korea). Pernikahan tradisional pengunjung plaza menawarkan kemampuan memiliki gaya pernikahan tradisional Korea.


Sports Center

Anda dapat menikmati olahraga, rekreasi, dan budaya dengan kolam renang, arena ice skating, bowling, pusat olahraga, pusat perbelanjaan, galeri seni, dan kompleks bioskop. yang Lotte World Health Club menawarkan kerja terbaru-out peralatan. Ini adalah klub swasta di mana anggota yang dapat keringat jauh stres. Sports Center memiliki kolam renang, tenis meja meja, sebuah pusat latihan, boling, klinik kesehatan, jogging track, indoor range golf, dan lapangan tenis. Juga terletak di tempat adalah toko tukang cukur, salon rambut, sauna, dan tempat istirahat.

Department Store and Hotel

Lotte Department Store Korea adalah salah satu department store terkemuka. Pusat perbelanjaan dengan puluhan toko-toko khusus kecil mengelilingi yang besar, terbuka area sentral yang memiliki makanan besar pengadilan. Tabel tersebut diatur di sekitar area terbuka sehingga orang dapat menonton es skaters sementara mereka makan. Bahkan memiliki besar toko bebas bea untuk orang asing.